平时做技术实践时,很多问题不是概念不会,而是细节没串起来。拿“Ruby on Rails框架程序连接MongoDB的教程”来说,它看着像小点,放到项目里常会牵出环境、配置、兼容性和维护成本。下面按实际采用顺序,把思路、关键写法和容易踩坑的地方讲清楚,便于大家直接对照操作。
前边有介绍mongodb的安装以及ror项目的搭建,现在进行一下整合。
1.新建项目
新建项目时不再采用rails active_record兼容
rails new todo -O
2.我们将要采用MongoMapper来驱动MongoDB到Rails
编辑GemFile,增加下面的内容
gem"mongo_mapper"
然后 执行 bundle install 安装gem
bundle install
3.添加数据库链接
结合项目来看,在config/initializer下面新建一个mongo.rb文件,指定全局的数据库信息:
MongoMapper.connection = Mongo::Connection.new('localhost', 27017)
MongoMapper.database ='todo'#通过指定Rails运行环境参数,我们可以在不同的运行环境下创建互不干扰的数据,为了简单起见,没有为不同的环境指定不同的数据
if defined?(PhusionPassenger)
PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process)do|forked|
MongoMapper.connection.connectifforked
end
end
完成以上步骤后,启动程序:
$ rails server
**Notice: C extension not loaded. This is required for optimum MongoDB Ruby driver performance.
You can install the extension as follows:
gem install bson_ext
If you continue to receive this message after installing, make sure that the
bson_ext gem is in your load path and that the bson_ext and mongo gems are of the same version.
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 3.0.10 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Call with -d to detach
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
[2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO ruby 1.9.2 (2011-07-09) [x86_64-linux]
[2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=19595 port=3000
在这个场景下,从上面输出中能够看到bson_ext库没有加载。按照提示安装该库即可(别忘了在gemfile中添加gem):
结合项目来看,再次启动程序,Notice提示消息消失,启动正常。在浏览器输入:(链接已移除),就能够看到如下所示页面
4.添加页面和处理逻辑
从实现思路看,借助rails的generate命令来生成页面、控制器和模型层文件(个人还是喜欢自己手动新建,这里为了演示便于)
rails generate scaffold project name:string --orm=mongo_mapper
结合项目来看,由于我们采用mongo作为数据库。那么,我们需把ActiveRecord的model,改成MongoMapper的类型,也就是把继承关系从ActiveRecord::Base变成MongoMapper::Document。我们采用key这个方法标明该MongoMapper的字段属性。我们的属性是name,再加上这个字段的类型String,那么定义如下所示:
classProject
include MongoMapper::Document
key:name,String
end
借助以上的修改,我们就已经拥有了所有添加,更新,删除和列表的操作
5.数据查看
能够借助命令mongo进入mongodb数据库进行数据的查询
mongo //进入数据库
use todo //切换库
db.projects.find() //执行查询
实际处理时,MongoMapper和ActiveRecord是完全相同的。甚至,MongoMapper还是兼容ActiveRecord的验证方式如下所示
validates_presence_of:name
理解这一步时,由于MongoDB没有schema-less(数据版本记录)我们能够很容易的添加和更改model的属性,而不需执行任何migrations的操作。比如,我们需添加一个priority的属性,我们仅仅需的是修改Project model如下所示:
classProject
include MongoMapper::Document
key:name,String,:required=>true
key:priority,Integer
end
理解这一步时,表之间的关联对于MongoDB这里稍微有点区别,我们需ObjectId类型来存储所有id。
落到代码里,至于,处理不同表之前的关联,我们能够像ActiveRecord一样定义belongs_to,当然,稍微有点不同,在Project中我们需定义has_many :tasks,在MongoMapper中需用many代替。
我目前也就做到这里。有时间再去深入研究其他的功能。
PS:Ruby编写MongoDB备份脚本(fsync & lock)
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
# date: 06-12-2014
# auther: lucifer
# use fsync and lock to the file-system before backup the file-system
# mongo-ruby-driver version > 1.10.0
require 'mongo'
require 'fileutils'
require 'date'
include Mongo
include BSON
# the members of replcation-set
# test mongodb server version 2.6.0
# host = "192.168.11.51"
# The port of members
# If the port is 27017 by default then otherport don't need to assignment
# otherport = ""
# port = otherport.length != 0 ? otherport : MongoClient::DEFAULT_PORT
# opts = {:pool_size => 5, :pool_timeout => 10}
# Create a new connection
# client = MongoClient.new(host, port, opts)
uri_string = "mongodb://caoqing:[email protected]:27017/admin"
client = MongoClient.from_uri(uri = "#{uri_string}")
db = client['admin']
# fsync and lock the database
cmd = OrderedHash.new
cmd[:fsync] = 1
cmd[:lock] = true
# p cmd
db.command(cmd)
# datafile path
d = "/var/lib/mongo"
# dir = Dir.new("#{d}")
# entries = dir.entries
# entries.delete_if { |entry| entry =~ /^./}
# convert the relative path to the full path
# entries.map! { |entry| File.join(dir.path, entry) }
# maintain only the type of file
# entries.delete_if { |entry| !File.file?(entry) }
# p entries
start = Date.today.to_s
prev = (Date.today - 7).to_s
dest = "/backup/#{start}"
sour = "/backup/#{prev}"
FileUtils.rm_rf("#{sour}") if File::exist?("#{sour}")
Dir.mkdir("#{dest}", 0755) unless File::exist?("#{dest}")
FileUtils.cp_r Dir.glob("#{d}/**"), dest if client.locked?
puts "*" * 20
puts "tbackup complete"
puts "*" * 20
# DB::SYSTEM_COMMAND_COLLECTION
# unlock the database
db["$cmd.sys.unlock"].find_one
client.close
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